All Fours Strategy
After the trump suit is set, the player on the right of the dealer will play the first card, and the suit of that card will become the leading suit. The turn then goes in counterclockwise direction. If a player has a card of the leading suit, he can either play a card of the leading suit or a trump. If a player does not have a card of the leading suit, he can play any card. After all players have played a card, the highest ranking card of the leading suit when no trump is played or the highest ranking card of the trump will win the trick. The player who played the winning card can begin the next trick by playing a card from his hand. Then the hand continues until all cards in the players' hands are played.
Points are calculated as follows after a hand has ended. 1 point (the High Point) will be awarded to the original holder of the highest ranking trump; 1 point (the Low Point) will be awarded to the original holder of the lowest ranking trump; 1 point (the Jack Point) will be awarded to the original holder of the J of the trump suit if it is captured by the holder's team in a trick, while 3 points will be awarded to the opponents if they have captured the J of the trump suit; and 1 point (the Game Point) will be awarded to the winner of the hand, which is determined by the cards won in the tricks. The top five cards in each suit carry the following scores for this purpose: A = a score of 4, K = a score of 3, Q = a score of 2, J = a score of 1, and 10 = a score of 10. In this way, the team which has collected the most valuable cards will receive the Game Point. When a team has accumulated 14 points, the game is won. To avoid ending in a draw, points will be awarded according to the above order, for example, when both team A and team B have 13 points, and after a hand team A is awarded the High Point, while team B is awarded the Low Point, Jack Point and the Game Point, the winner will still be team A as the High Point is the first awarded point after a hand, and in this way, team A has reached 14 points before team B does so.
This game was suggested by Dwight.
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All Fours Strategy Meaning
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The lifecycle has, at its core, service strategy. The entry points to service strategy are referred to as ‘the Four Ps’ following Mintzberg20 (Figure 3.25). They identify the different forms a service strategy may take.
Figure 3.25 Perspectives, positions, plans and patterns21
- Perspective – describes a vision and direction. A strategic perspective articulates the business philosophy of interacting with the customer or the manner in which services are provided. For example, a shared service provider (Type II) for a global law firm may adopt the strategic perspective of, ‘We will be a best-in-class service provider for our law firm’. The CIO determined that his business most values a certain type of service provider. By setting a perspective of competing against other industry-specific providers he not only narrows the field of competing alternatives, but also cements his own distinctiveness in the minds of his customers (Figure 3.26).
- Position – describes the decision to adopt a well-defined stance. Should the provider compete on the basis of value or low cost? Specialized or broad sets of services? Should value be biased towards utility or warranty? An internal service provider (Type I) restricted to serving one business unit may adopt a position based on ‘product know-how’ or ‘customer responsiveness’. The law firm CIO may adopt a needs-based position: attorney-centric offerings for knowledge, collaboration and document management services.
- Plan – describes the means of transitioning from ‘as is’ to ‘to be’. A plan might detail, ‘How do we offer high-value or low-cost services?’ Or in the case of our law firm CIO, ‘How do we achieve and offer our specialized services?’
- Pattern – describes a series of consistent decisions and actions over time. A service provider who continually offers specific services with deep expertise is adopting a ‘high-value’ or ‘high-end’ service strategy. A service provider who continually offers dependable and reliable services is adopting a ‘high-warranty’ strategy. If mid-course corrections are to be made within the framework of an existing perspective and position, this is where those decisions and actions are formulated. The law firm CIO, for example, may decide to offer the same specialized services but with enhanced levels of client privacy (warranty).
All Fours Strategy Definition
Figure 3.26 Strategic approach taken by a Type II provider for an international law firm
Requirements and conditions are dynamic. A service provider may begin with any one form and evolve to another. For example, a service provider might begin with a perspective: a vision and direction for the organization. The service provider might then decide to adopt a position articulated through policies, capabilities and resources. This position may be achieved through the execution of a carefully crafted plan. Once achieved, the service provider may maintain its position through a series of well-understood decisions and action over time: a pattern.
The use of all the Four Ps, rather than one over the other, allows for emergent as well as intended service strategies. Best-practice service strategies mix these in some way: maintain control while fostering learning; see the big picture while deciding on details.
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